Amaphakethe Ebhethri Le-lithium Amandla Amakhulu: Ukunika Amandla Ikusasa

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo samabhethri anamandla aphezulu senyuke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kumongo wama-electronics aphathwayo nezimoto zikagesi. Phakathi kwamakhemikhali ebhethri ahlukahlukene atholakalayo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion (Li-ion) avele njengenketho ethembisa kakhulu, enikeza amandla aphezulu aphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, kanye nokuzikhulula okuphansi. Amaphakethe amakhulu ebhethri ye-lithium, ikakhulukazi, aya ngokuya evame kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela kuma-smartphones nama-laptops kuya kumabhayisikili kagesi nezimoto.

Ngakho-ke, liyini ngempela ibhethri elikhulu le-lithium ion? Ngokuvamile, amabhethri e-Li-ion akhiwa amangqamuzana amaningi, ngalinye liqukethe i-electrode eqondile (i-cathode), i-electrode engalungile (i-anode), ne-electrolyte. Uma ishajwa, ama-ion e-lithium asuka ku-cathode aye ku-anode, okudala umehluko ongaba khona ongaboshelwa kumadivayisi kagesi. Umthamo wephakethe lebhethri le-Li-ion unqunywa inani lamaseli eliwaqukethe, kanye nomthamo wawo ngamunye kanye ne-voltage.

Umthamo omkhulu wamaphakethe ebhethri ye-lithium ngokuvamile achazwa njengalawo anomthamo ophelele wokugcina amandla angaphezu kuka-10 kWh (amahora we-kilowatt). Lawa mabhethri angasetshenziswa ukunika amandla izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla okuhlala kanye nezohwebo kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nesitoreji sesikali segridi. Eqinisweni, amandla amakhulu amabhethri e-lithium ion aya ngokuya abonakala njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuvumela ukushintshela emnothweni wekhabhoni ephansi, njengoba angasiza ukuhlanganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kugridi futhi anciphise ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamaphakethe webhethri ye-lithium umthamo omkhulu wamandla aphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangagcina inani elikhulu lamandla ephaketheni elincane futhi elingasindi, okubenza bafaneleke kumadivayisi aphathekayo nezimoto zikagesi. Ukwengeza, amabhethri e-Li-ion anempilo yomjikelezo omude, okusho ukuthi angashajwa futhi akhishwe izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuba adinga ukushintshwa. Lokhu kuwenza abe inketho esimeme kakhulu kunamanye amakhemikhali ebhethri, njenge-lead-acid, enesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuphila.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinzuzo, kukhona nezinselelo ezithile ezihlobene namandla amakhulu amabhethri e-lithium ion. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ukuphepha, njengoba amabhethri e-Li-ion engase athambekele ekubalekeni okushisayo kanye nemililo uma engaklanyelwe futhi ephethwe ngendlela efanele. Ukwengeza, kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthelela wemvelo wezinto ezisetshenziswa kumabhethri e-Li-ion, ikakhulukazi ukumba kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-lithium ne-cobalt. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkinga zilungiswa ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali amasha amabhethri nobuchwepheshe bokugaya kabusha, kanye namazinga okuphepha athuthukisiwe kanye nemithethonqubo.

Sekukonke, isidingo esikhulayo samaphakethe amakhulu ebhethri ye-lithium sishayela emisha kubuchwepheshe bebhethri nokukhiqiza, nezinkampani ezitshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokunciphisa izindleko. Njengoba lawa mabhethri evame kakhulu futhi ethengeka, azovumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha futhi asheshise ukushintshela ohlelweni lwamandla oluzinzile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinika amandla ama-smartphone ethu noma izimoto zethu, amabhethri e-lithium ion anamandla amakhulu asethelwe ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lamandla.