IiPakethi zeBatri yeLithium enkulu yoMmandla: Ukunika amandla iKamva

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yeebhetri ezinomthamo ophezulu ziye zanyuka, ngakumbi kumxholo we-elektroniki ephathekayo kunye neenqwelo zombane. Phakathi kweekhemistri ezahlukahlukeneyo zebhetri ezikhoyo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion (i-Li-ion) ziye zavela njengeyona ndlela ithembisayo, inika amandla amaninzi aphezulu, ubomi bomjikelezo omde, kunye nokuzikhupha okuphantsi. Ipakethe yebhetri ye-lithium enkulu, ngokukodwa, iya ixhaphake kakhulu kwizicelo ezininzi, ukusuka kwii-smartphones kunye neelaptops ukuya kwiibhayisekile zombane kunye neemoto.

Ke, yintoni ibhetri enkulu ye-lithium ion? Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibhetri ze-Li-ion zenziwe ngeeseli ezininzi, nganye iqulethe i-electrode efanelekileyo (i-cathode), i-electrode engalunganga (i-anode), kunye ne-electrolyte. Xa ihlawuliswa, i-lithium ion isuka kwi-cathode ukuya kwi-anode, idala umahluko onokuthi ufakwe kwizixhobo zamandla. Umthamo webhetri ye-Li-ion uchongwa linani leeseli eziquletheyo, kunye nomthamo wabo ngamnye kunye nombane.

Umthamo omkhulu iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium zichazwa ngokubanzi njengezo zinomthamo opheleleyo wokugcina amandla angaphezu kwe-10 kWh (iiyure zekilowatt). Ezi bhetri zingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla usetyenziso oluhlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla okuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ukuya kwizithuthi zombane kunye nokugcinwa kwegridi. Enyanisweni, iibhetri ze-lithium ion zamandla amakhulu zibonwa njengeteknoloji ephambili yokwenza utshintsho kwi-low-carbon economic economy, njengoko inokunceda ukudibanisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kwigridi kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwi-fuel fuels.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zepakethe yebhetri ye-lithium enkulu kukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokugcina isixa esikhulu samandla kwiphakeji encinci kunye nekhaphukhaphu, ibenze balungele izixhobo eziphathwayo kunye nezithuthi zombane. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-Li-ion zinobomi bomjikelo omde, oku kuthetha ukuba zinokuhlawuliswa kwaye zikhutshwe ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba zitshintshwe. Oku kubenza babe ukhetho oluzinzileyo kunezinye iikhemistri zebhetri, ezifana ne-lead-asidi, ezinobomi obufutshane kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwezi zibonelelo, kukwakho imingeni ehambelana nomthamo omkhulu weebhetri ze-lithium ion. Omnye wemiba ephambili lukhuseleko, njengoko iibhetri ze-Li-ion ziyakwazi ukubaleka kwi-thermal runaway kunye nomlilo ukuba aziyilwanga kwaye zilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, kukho iinkxalabo malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo zezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-Li-ion, ngokukodwa ukuchithwa kwemigodi kunye nokucutshungulwa kwe-lithium kunye ne-cobalt. Nangona kunjalo, le miba iyasonjululwa ngokuphuhliswa kweekhemistri ezintsha zebhetri kunye nobuchwepheshe bokurisayikilisha, kunye nemigangatho ephuculweyo yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo.

Ngokubanzi, imfuno ekhulayo yomthamo omkhulu we-lithium iipakethi zebhetri iqhuba ukutsha kwitekhnoloji yebhetri kunye nokuveliswa, kunye neenkampani ezityala imali eninzi kuphando kunye nophuhliso lokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Njengoko ezi bhetri zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zifikeleleka, ziya kwenza usetyenziso olutsha kwaye zikhawulezise utshintsho olusingise kwinkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo. Nokuba sinika amandla ii-smartphones zethu okanye iimoto zethu, iibhetri ze-lithium ion ezinkulu zimiselwe ukudlala indima ephambili ekubumbeni ikamva lamandla.