The whole process of charging lithium battery pack

The charging process of Li-ion batteries can be divided into four stages: trickle charging (low voltage pre-charging), constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and charge termination.

Stage 1: Trickle ChargeTrickle charge is used to pre-charge a fully discharged battery cell first. Trickle charge is used when the Li-ion battery pack voltage is below about 3V. The trickle charge current is one-tenth of the constant current charge current, i.e. 0.1c.

Stage 2: Constant-current charging When the lithium-ion battery voltage rises above the trickle charge threshold, the charging current is increased for constant-current charging. The constant current charging current is between 0.2C and 1.0C. The lithium-ion battery voltage rises gradually with the constant-current charging process, which is generally set at 3.0-4.2V for a single battery.

Stage 3: Constant voltage charging When the Li-ion battery pack voltage rises to 4.2V, the constant current charging ends and the constant voltage charging stage begins. Current according to the degree of saturation of the cell, as the charging process continues charging current slowly decreases from the maximum value, when reduced to 0.01C, the charging is considered to be terminated

Stage 4: Charge termination There are two typical methods of charge termination: using the minimum charge current judgment or using the timer. The minimum current method monitors the charging current from the constant voltage charging stage and terminates charging when the charging current decreases to the range of 0.02C to 0.07C. The second method times the charging process from the beginning of the constant voltage charging phase and terminates it after two hours of continuous charging.

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